Forage legumes are widely used as components of mixtures planted as supplemental browse for white-tailed deer. Warm-season forage legumes, such as Rio Verde lablab and Iron and Clay cowpea, are usually planted in late spring or early summer to provide a high protein source for deer in mid to late summer. These same summer legumes can be fall-planted in mixtures with clovers and small grains to provide supplemental forage from October through May. Cooperative research was conducted by Texas AgriLife Research and Texas AgriLife Extension Service at Overton, TX to determine optimum seeding rates of these forages. The image above shows a mixture of 40 lbs cowpea, 10 lbs oats, and 40 lbs arrowleaf clover. It shows the mixture at 30 days post-planting.